Know

Think about the places where you feel safe and comfortable. What about those spaces makes you feel safe? What is the overall climate in those places? When we choose who to interact with many of us gravitate toward positive people who value us and with whom we enjoy spending time. Children also value spending time with positive people who value them as individuals. In group care with consistent caregivers, children are able to develop relationships that support their sense of self and their social-emotional development. Managers can help support these relationships when scheduling staff by keeping caregivers consistent for children and youth.

When the adults in children’s lives respect one another and get along well, the children benefit. Staff members who have time to communicate and meet regularly, participate in professional development together, and share information build positive relationships that then support the children in their care. Likewise, caregivers and families need to trust and value the information, experience, and knowledge that each brings to their relationships with each other and the children. Adults are powerful models for children and children are very perceptive of relationship dynamic between adults. These positive adult-adult relationships will enhance the children’s social-emotional development.

As a manager, you can promote practices that reflect a family model, where the program is a true community of staff members, families, and children caring for themselves and one another. The work of supporting children’s social-emotional development requires that adults understand their own social-emotional health, their skills, how their relationships within the program shape the care they provide to children and families. Watch and listen to learn more about the importance of social-emotional health in early childhood care.

Practices that Result in an Emotionally Responsive Program

When you walk into a positive, emotionally responsive child-care center or youth program, you can feel the warmth. You see staff smiling, children talking to their peers and caregivers, and perhaps the manager sharing a cup of tea with an interested new parent. You serve as a positive role model, putting relationship-based caregiving principles into practice. When managers foster a climate in which staff members’ own emotional needs are acknowledged and respected, that sense of belonging and trust is shared with the children. A child-care center or youth program should mirror a healthy family atmosphere. Creating this atmosphere is the job of the manager. Enhancing staff morale requires your time and effort. The following web site describes several ways you can build staff morale: http://www.childcarelounge.com/director-articles/staff-morale.php.

Young children need ongoing relationships with caring adults who truly know them and value them as individuals. You can support staff members with collaborative decision-making, time for planning, professional development training and information, and reflective supervision. See Lesson Five for more information on building an effective team.

Just as you support your staff, you must support children’s families by respecting their values, culture, and home language. You can intentionally plan community-building opportunities so staff and families can get to know one another. Collaborating on a project, such as planting a garden, in which staff, families, and children contribute to the creation of an important part of the program is a meaningful way to bring the community together for a purpose.

Managers serve as mentors for staff and model the values and philosophies of the program. Careful selection and hiring of personnel who share the same relationship-based caregiving values is a critical part of creating an emotionally responsive program. Ensuring that new staff are welcomed and mentored so that they feel a sense of belonging is another way the manager creates a cooperative team environment. Conversations and work regarding relationship-based care should take place regularly and include all staff members.

Healthy Relationships with Families

Children learn to be social first and foremost as a member of their family. Families teach children about relationships and appropriate social behaviors. Parents and caregivers play an essential role in children’s social development. Involving families in the classroom or program helps staff members understand and develop relationships with families. Research shows that children of families who are involved in their programs develop more positive attitudes and self-confidence. Family involvement can help teachers incorporate the family’s values and culture into the classroom activities and materials. Also, involving the family in the classroom or program helps staff members understand what is happening in the home and encourages families to support and promote skills being taught in the program at home. Additionally, the family-staff relationship is an important model for children. Supportive family-staff relationships are fostered through open communication and mutual respect.

Supervise & Support

Supporting Staff in Relationship-Based Caregiving

Provide opportunities for staff members to receive emotional support. You should be sensitive to staff members’ emotional needs and seek understanding when you observe staff engaging in responses that indicate a high level of stress (e.g., anxiety, outbursts of anger, and extreme happiness). As a manager, you should schedule a regular time to meet individually with each staff member. Individual meetings are important because they provide an opportunity to build positive relationships. If difficulties arise, you have established a safe space to discuss any concerns that may develop about a staff member’s emotional responses. The following are some ways you may support staff’s engagement in relationship-based caregiving:

• Allow time during staff meetings for those who wish to share their celebrations and challenges.
• Schedule personnel so they have time to interact with one another and with the families of the children who are in their care each day.
• Always use positive language when discussing staff and families. Point out strengths that you notice (even small things that may be overlooked by others).
• Consistently demonstrate hopefulness, optimism, and empathy.
• Teach staff how to use conflict-resolution skills. Include conflict-resolution steps, and list strategies for dealing with conflict in the staff handbook.

Encourage collaboration and cooperation among caregivers and families. Have written program policies regarding interpersonal communication and conflict resolution (e.g., staff handbook, family handbook) that reflect a relationship-based caregiving program.

Conflict Resolution

At some point in your career, you will have to help settle a conflict. This might be a conflict between two staff members, or it might be a conflict which you are involved in yourself. You can navigate these conflicts and preserve relationships through effective communication. First, think about the outcomes you want for yourself, the individuals in conflict, and your program. Then, consider any negative thoughts and assumptions that are getting in your way. Try to have an open mind for conversation. As Stephen Covey writes in the Seven Habits of Highly Effective People, you should, “Seek first to understand, then be understood.” Worry less about getting your own point across and focus instead on understanding others’ positions and interests. Try to understand the root cause of the conflict. Ask clarifying questions to help guide you to the important issues. If your communication partner becomes emotional or begins to vent, just continue listening. Take a supportive stance throughout the conversation. When handled well, difficult conversations can become safe spaces for adults to learn and grow.

Here are four key strategies for responding to conflicts in a healthy way that builds relationships:

1. Recognize and manage your own stress. Conflicts can feel very threatening for both parties. Conflicts are more intense than simple disagreements. They can become emotionally charged and persistently stressful. Recognize stress in yourself and take steps to lower your stress appropriately so it doesn’t escalate the conflict. Take a deep breath. Step away from the situation and take a few minutes to notice everything around you in a mindful way (listen to the birds, feel the cool air on your skin, etc.). This can be calming.
2. Remain aware of your emotional reactions to the situation. Seek to understand how you feel and why you feel this way. You can’t help settle a conflict if you don’t understand your role and how you feel.
3. Pay attention to nonverbal communication. This means your own nonverbal communication and the nonverbal behavior of the other person. If you sense tension or anger, use strategies to defuse the situation. Speak calmly and provide reassuring expressions.
4. Focus on solving the problem rather than winning the argument. It is less important to persuade the other person that your opinion is correct than it is to resolve a conflict. Compromise is most often the key to solving the problem.

Navigating conflict can be challenging, but as a Program Manager, it is your responsibility to lead by example. Watch and listen as these program leaders discuss what they do to make their programs healthy environments where children and adults can work together and thrive.

As you just saw, modeling is an important part of your work as a program leader. If you expect staff members to practice relationship-based care with children, you must also model those practices with children and staff. One way of modeling these practices is by using reflective supervision. Reflective supervision involves giving staff members space to think about their practices and experiences at work. Watch as these professionals describe what it means to use reflective supervision.

As a manager, you set an emotional climate for others to follow. You lead through positive interactions with families and staff members. You make decisions that intentionally build a relationship-based community among the children, families, and staff. Building a relationship-based caregiving environment is key to ensuring the healthy social-emotional development of the children and youth in your care. Staff want to develop value and satisfaction from their work. You and your staff should strive to create an environment that is welcoming, positive, responsive, and emotionally safe. You are a leader who is always observed by others. Remember that child care and youth programs are like a family so seek ways to always build relationships that create a nurturing environments for the children, families, and staff.